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Kavka's toxin puzzle
Kavka's toxin puzzle is a thought experiment about the possibility of forming an intention to perform an act which, following from reason, is an action one would not actually perform. It was presented by moral and political philosopher Gregory S. Kavka in "The Toxin Puzzle" (1983), and grew out of his work in deterrence theory and mutual assured destruction. Kavka is also well known for his Paradox of Future Individuals, which addresses our moral obligation to future persons to plan for the future now. His slave child example also displays the deontological concept that holds humans as "beyond price", therefore they should never be used as a mere means, but rather as an end.
==The puzzle==
Kavka's original version of the puzzle is the following:
''An eccentric billionaire places before you a vial of toxin that, if you drink it, will make you painfully ill for a day, but will not threaten your life or have any lasting effects. The billionaire will pay you one million dollars tomorrow morning if, at midnight tonight, you ''intend'' to drink the toxin tomorrow afternoon. He emphasizes that you need not drink the toxin to receive the money; in fact, the money will already be in your bank account hours before the time for drinking it arrives, if you succeed. All you have to do is. . . intend at midnight tonight to drink the stuff tomorrow afternoon. You are perfectly free to change your mind after receiving the money and not drink the toxin.''
A possible interpretation: Can you intend to drink the toxin if you also intend to change your mind at a later time?
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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